Telegraphic distribution.



Patented May 6, I902.

H. A. ROWLAND, Decdr H. H. ROWLAND, Administratrix. TELEGRAPHIGDISTRIBUTION.

(Application filed July 2 4, 1901.)

7 Sheets-Sheet I.

- (ND MOqel.)

No. 699,574. Patented May 1902'.

H. A. ROWLAND, Dacd. H. H. ROWLAND, Administratrix. TELEGRAPHICDISTRIBUTION.

{Application filed July 24, 1901.)

(N0 Model.) 7 Sheets-Shee t 2.

Qmwgt I GOO a; IJdIdIbd w: "cams PEYERS 00., PHOTQ-LITHQ, wAsnmamn, a.c.

No. 699,574. Patented May 6, I902.

. H. A. ROWLAND, DeclL.

H. H. ROWLAND, Administratrix. TELEGRAPHIG DISTRIBUTION.

(Application filed July 24, 1901.)

(No Model.) "H7 sheeiu sheet 3.

gm Q m "W IL- L E I Patented May 6, I902; H. A. ROWLAND, Decd.

H. ROWLAND, Administratrix. TELEGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.

(Application filed July 24, 1901.)

(No Model.)

2 0 m V. a M d e n e t a P N mum r EMU DRE, 3' ,MB numT NMNN A. LD Wm!mm B R, R. A G "L H E T A 7 9 9 6 m N (Application filed July 24, 1901.)

7 Shaets$heet 5.

No. 699,574. Patented May 6, I902. H. A. ROWLAND, Decd. H. H. ROWLAND,Administratrix.

TELEGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. (N0 ModeL.

7 Application filed July 24, 1901. 7 sheets"'sheet UlTED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

. HENRIETTA H. ROWLAND, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ADMINISTRATRIX -OF HENRYA. ROlVLAND, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR TO ROWLAND'TELE GRAPHIC COMPANY, OFBALTIMORE, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TELEGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 699,574, dated May 6,1902.

Application filed July 24,190 l.

To aZZ whom it mcoyconccrn:

Be it known thatHENRY A. ROWLAND, de-,

ject, first, the providing of means whereby.

telegraphic messages of the above character may be automaticallytransmittedor repeated through a central generating or dynamo stationand. the utilization of this feature for many purposes. For example, itenables us to double the length of a line in which the signaling-currentis derived from a single source, such as a simplex line'or areflected-wave line, without employing an additional source of currentby locating, the source of current at a point intermediate between thesending and receiving points and transmitting the signals through thestation at which said source of current is located. lVith thisarrangement 0 an operator in Boston, for example, can communicate over areflected-wave line with an operator in Washington, notwithstanding themaximum length of such a line is ordinarily about three hundred miles.In such a case the central generating-station would preferably belocated in New York. The term reflected wave is used" to designate aparticular form of telegraph-line by which messages may be transmittedlong distances by locating the source of signaling-current at one end ofthe line only and depending upon the reflected action of the current, ashereinafter fully described.

Another application of the invention is the 5 lengthening of duplex oroctoplex lines-such,

for example, as described in the patent application of Henry A. Rowlandfiled June 4, 1900, and serially numbered 19,070. These Serial No.69,524. (No model.)

lines are themselves capable of carrying messagesgreatdistancesone'thousand miles,for 5o examplewithout relaying.This'distance, however, may be doubled without employing but one extrasource of signaling-current by allowing one end of two such lines toterminate in a central station, which will generate current for bothlines and repeat the messages from one line to the other. Moreover, thisfeature of the invention may be employed in combining a reflected-waveor other line with a duplex or octoplex line, as hereinafter fullydescribed.

This invention further consists in employing repeating-stations of theabove character in the production of a substation or subscriberstelegraph system.

This feature of the invention contemplates the collection of messages ata central station sent from a plurality of substations or subscribersand the automatic transmission of these messages through the centralstation over a trunk-line to another central station, where they areantomatically redistributed to the proper substations or subscribers. Inthis manner a pinrality of subscribers located in one city-Chicago, foreXample-may communicate with a plurality of subscribers in New York, inwhich case there would be located in each of these cities a centralrepeating-station, these repeating-stations being connected with eachother by a single trunk-line, though a num- 8o jber of lines may be usedwhen desired. By

locating the proper apparatus at the central stations and at thesubscribers stationthis single line may be made to accommos date themessages passing between all of the subscribers simultaneously. In otherwords, the invention contemplates a system of multiplexinter-communication between subscribers, which is accomplished byproviding each subscriber with apparatus which will allow him the use ofthe trunk-line connecting him with any other subscriber at regularly andrapidly recurring periods of time, and the location of the apparatus atthe central stations, which will operate in conjunction with 5 theapparatus at the substations to repeat the message from one line to theother. In this manner the number of sorcalled private wires connectingcities may be greatly reduced, as it will be seen that each subscriberin or around the city of Chicago, for example, may have privatecommunication with a correspondent in New York and all over a singlewire between these two cities. Moreover, as each subscriber may be madeto receive signals or messages only at fixed intervals, determined bycurrent -distributing devices, (hereinafter described,) perfect secrecymay be maintained, as any subscriber would be prevented absolutely fromreceiving the messages intended for another-subscriber. This feature ofthe invention, however, is not confined to intercommunication betweensubscribers located in different cities, as a very useful application ofthe invention arises in the case of a plurality of subscribers locatedin or around a central distributing-point, in which case there need bebut one repeatingstation.

Special cases illustrating the principles of the present invention areshown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagramillustrating the principle of transmitting messages through a cen traldynamo or repeatingstation; and Fig. 1, a graphical representation of agroup of alternating-current impulses, representing a signal orcharacter. Fig. 2 is a diagram representing the circuits and connectionsof a subscribers single outfit. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating theprinciple of repeating signals or messages through a centraldynamo-station over reflected-wave lines.

central station over a plurality of reflectedwave lines. Fig. 6 is adiagram illustrating the principle of transmitting ot' a duplex line.Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an extension of the principle shown inFig. 6. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing how four subscribers located in onecity may communicate with foursubscribers located in another city, eachsubscriber working through a central station at each end of a duplexline connecting the cities, and in which each subscribers line isduplexed. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing how four subscribers in one citymay communicate with four subscribers in another city through centralstations located at each end of a duplex line connecting the cities, butin which the subscribers lines are reflected-wave lines. Fig. 10 is atop plan view, partlyin section, of the distributing-sunflowers andrelated parts located at messages i through central stations located ateach end circuits and connections of one of the central stations,indicated in Fig.v 9, and Figs. l2 and 12 are graphical representationsof signals sent through this station.

Similar letters and numerals refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

Reference will first be had to Fig. 1, which represents a centraldynamo, repeating, or receiving station, at which messages arriving fromvarious points may be repeated.

L L represent two telegraph-lines, which enter the station from anyoutside points, and G an alternating-current dynamo or other source ofperiodic current, to one terminal g of which both lines are connected.The dynamo G indicates a sourceof signaling-current, which is or may beused also forproducing and maintaining synchronism, as hereinafterdescribed. The messages arriving over line L are received first upon aline-relay LR, the tongue of which is electrically connected to thetrailer or brush 1" of a receiv- The segment-circuits of this sunflowertraverse the coils of a group of selecting-relays SR and pass by thecommon wire 1 to a point intermediate between resistances connectedacross the terminals of a source of constant-potential current. Thetrailer of this sunflower may be driven in any suitable way, but is sogeared and the sunflower is so divided that the said trailer passes overone complete segment for each semicycle or impulse generated by thedynamo. Therefore as the trailer 1* passes from one segment to the nextthe tongue of the line-relay vibrated by the line-current will pass fromone contact to the next, and as long as this continues withoutinterruption each segment-circuit of the said sunflower will receive alocal-current impulse once in each revolution of the trailer 1".

The forward contacts of the selecting-relays SR are connected to thesegment-circuits of a sending-sun flower S, whose trailer 5 iselectrically connected to one terminal of the coil of a transmitter T,having its contact t normally traversed by the current on line L. Theother terminal of this transmitter-coil is electrically connected to theplusterminal of the local source of direct current. The tongues of theselecting-relays SR are all connected to the negative pole of the saidlocal-current supply. In like manner messages arriving over line L arereceived upon the main-line relay LE which is connected to areceiving-sunflower and trailer IR. and r corresponding exactly to thesunflower R and its trailer r. In the segment-circuits of this sunflowerR are also connected selecting-relays SR which have their forwardcontacts connected in the segment-circuits of a transmitting-sunflower Sthe trailer 8 of which connects to one terminal of the coil of amain-line transmitter T having the line L normally completed through itscontact 75 The other terminal of this relay-coil is, as in the case ofthe transmitter T, connected to the positive pole of the local-currentsupply. The tongues of the selecting-relays SR also, as described inreference to selecting-relays SR, are connected to the negative pole ofthe local-current supply. The trailers on all of the sunflowers R, R S,and S travel in synchronism with the dynamo G, and, as described withreference to the trailer r, each passes overone segment ofasuntlowerforeach impulse generated by the dynamo. The coils of theselecting-relays SR and SR are, however,so wound that the impulsesnormally distributed to them through the segment-circuits of thesunflowers R and R send all of their tongues against their baclcstops.If,however, a message arrives which causes the tongue of one of therelays LR or LR to remain against one of its stops for the length oftime that one of the trailers r or r is passing over a segment, thiswill cause the relay connected to that segment over which the trailer ispassing at the time the line-relay tongue is at rest to receive animpulse in the opposite direction to the normal impulse, which will sendits tongue against the forward contact, completing one of thesegment-circuits of the sending-sunflower to which that particular relayis connected. Then when the trailer of this sending-sunflower arrivesupon the seg ment connected to the relays acted upon a circuit will becompleted through one of the transmitter-coils, causing the transmitterto repeat the signal upon the line passing throughits contact. Anysystem of signaling,

therefore, by which either of the line-relays may be brought to rest attimes corresponding to the particular signal transmitted may be employedwith a repeating -station of this character. For the purpose of thepresent description, however, it will be assumed that the messages areimpressed upon the lines which pass into the station, Fig. 1, bysuppressing a definite number and combination of impulses in a group ofline-current impulses for each character-for example, as shown in Fig.1, which is a graphical representation of a character as shown by thesuppressed and unsuppressed impulses. Assuming, therefore, that a signalarriving over the line L at any moment is such as is graphicallyrepresented in Fig. 1, the operation of repeating this signal on theline L is as fol lows: The first, second, third, and fourth impulseswill pass the relay LR and vibrate its tongue between its contacts, asdescribed; but at the time the fifth impulse should have passed throughthe said relay this impulse, according to this particular signal, issuppressed, and thus causes the tongue of the re lay LR to remainagainst its contact to which it was last attracted. The trailer r, thenarriving upon the fifth segment of the sunflower R, will transmit to thecoil of the selectingrelay SR connected to that segment an impulse ofopposite polarity to the normal impulse, which will send the tongue ofthe selecting-relay againstits forward contact connected to wire 2,which is in turn connected 'to the fifth segment of thesending-sunflower S, and when the trailer 3' reaches this segment thesaid trailer, being given sufficient lag to allow the relays to actbefore it reaches the said segment,.will complete a circuit from thepositive pole of the local-current supply through the coil of thetransmitter T, which will attract the striker and cause it to suppressan impulse on the line L corresponding to the fifth impulse receivedupon relay LR, thus repeating the modification of the current from oneline to the other. In like manner the relay LR will be brought again torest by the suppressed eight impulse, which willtransmit through thereceiving-sunflower R current to the selectingrelay SR connected to theeight segment of that sunflower and cause that relay to complete acircuit through the coil of the trans mitter T at an instantcorresponding to the arrival of the transmitting-trailer 8 upon itseight segment, which will cause the said transmitter to suppress asemicycle of the current upon the line L corresponding to the suppressedeighth semicycle of the line L. In this manner a complete characterimpressed upon the line is repeated on line L from the line L. In likemanner any other character or signal represented by the suppression ofone or more impulses in a group may be repeated upon the line L from theline L, in which case, obviously, other selecting-relays SR and SR wouldbe added and connected to corresponding segments of the sunflowers.Moreover, as the apparatus is symmetrical all that has been said of therelay LR, its receiving and sending sunflowers, selecting-relays, andconnections is true of the relay LR and its receiving and sendingsunflowers, selecting-relays, and connections, as messages may betransmitted through the station in either direction.

A printer P or other suitable recording device may be located at thecentral station for testing the accuracy of the apparatusin repeatingthe signals. For this purpose the wires 2 2 and 3 3 from theselecting-relays connect to plug-switches 4 4 or their equivalents,either of which may be connected to the printer P, as shown. If it isdesired to record the signal or message arriving over line L, plugs 5would be inserted in switch 4 and the double-poleswitch 6 opened, thelatter operation disconnecting the transmitter T. Then the signalreceived upon the selecting-relays SR,'which would ordinarily have goneto operate the transmitter T, will pass by wire 7 to the printer orother recorder and cause it to record the signal. Inthis way some testsentence can be'selected, and if this is properly recorded the properworking of the central apparatus up to the point of repeating themessage is indicated. The same explanation applies to messages orsignals received over line L, except in thiscase the plugs 5 would beinserted in switch 4 .would be received upon relays SR instead ofsignals or characters upon the line.

relays SR. 4

For the purpose of testing the apparatus when the'messages pass throughthe central station from a number of separate subscribers or othersources two extra receiving-sunflowers R and R are provided andhave'their trailers connected to the wires 1 and 1, respectively. Thesesunflowers in this case each have four segments correspondingto theseparate messages which pass each way through the station, and theseparate segments of each 'of these sunflowers are connected to separatecontacts 7c of switches K K, the latter being connected to thewires land 1', respectively. The trailers r and r are so geared that theirspeed around their sunflowers will be one-fourth of that of the trailersr and r so that messages from one subscriber will pass through thecentral station at such times only as the trailers r r are upon theirupper lefthand segments, for example, and messages from each of theother subscribers will pass in like order through the central station asthe trailers r r pass over the succeeding segments of their sunflowers,so that by shifting the switches K K from one contact to the otherconnected to'these'segments of the sunflowers R R the recordingapparatus at central may be made to test the accuracy of the signals ormessages from any subscriber.

The relays-LR" and LR may or may not be difierentially wound andbalanced,depending upon the nature of the lines upon which they areused. If the line upon which either is used is duplexed, then the relaywould be differentially wound and have one of its coils traversed by anartificial line L to balance the real line, in which case the home relaywill be sensitive to signals from a distance only. The term duplex isherein used to designate a line upon which two signals may pass inopposite directions at absolutely the same-instant,whether the line bemultiplexed or not. If used upon a reflected-wave line, which will behereinafter described, the relay would be balanced, but would besensitive to signals passing it in both directions. If used upon anordinary simplex line, then neither relay need be balanced. Moreover,while these line-relays are in all of the accompanying drawings shown aspolar relays they may be replaced by neutral relays when desired withoutdeparting from the spirit of the present invention. Also the ordinarycircuitbreaking transmitters herein shown may be replaced by any thatwill properly impress the This repeating or relaying of the messages maybe employed for effecting intercommunications in a variety of ways, ofwhich the following are some special examples.

. line is broken at the distant station. due to the reflection of thecurrent back totwo reflected-wave lines L L. Inthis case the connectionsat-the central station are the same as shown in Fig. 1. The subscribersoutfit in this case comprises a main line relay LR and aline-transmitter T and any suitable means for recording the signalsreceived upon the line-relay and any suitable means for causing thetransmitter to cut out or otherwise modify the proper impulses of theline-current to transmit a signal. Assuming that the transmitterT breaksthe line through its contact and suppresses a definite number ofimpulses for each character, a signal transmitted from subscriberA wouldbe received upon the line-relay LE and repeated by the transmitter '1 tothe receiving-relay LR of the subscriber B, passing through the centralstation, as fully described with reference to Fig. 1. Ordinarily on anybut very short;lines breaking the circuit at the contact of thetransmitter T would not produce any effect upon the central relay LR onaccount-of the capacity of the line, in which case messages could not betransmitted by locating the source of signaling-current at one end ofthe line only, as shown in Fig. 3. This, however, is overcome bybalancing the line-relay LE as follows: The line is broken through thesubscribers transmitter-contact. The dynamo G is then started, and thetongue of the relay LE will continue to vibrate, notwithstanding thatthe This is ward the dynamo from the distant end, owing to thedistributed capacity of the line. The artificial line L is then adjustedwith the transmitter-contact at the subscribers station still open,until the relay LR is balanced and its tongue comes to rest. Thereforeit will be seen that if this relay is balanced so that its tongue comesto rest with the line broken at the distant end or at the subscriberstransmitter it will continue to vibrate upon closing the line at thesaid transmitter. It will therefore be seen that signals may betransmitted over the line from both ends by scribers be located at amuch greater distance apart than would allow them to communicate witheach other over a single reflected-wave line. In other words, thissystem of repeating enables the length of a reflected-wave line to bedoubled. The subscriber A may be located in Boston and the subscriber Bin Washington, and the only source of signaling-current employed wouldbe that at the central receiving-relay LR and transmitter T, having thensualdu plex connections, which necesst. tates the employment at "eachsubstation ot' a small dynamo or other source of signalingcurrent G. Inthis case the signals trans- -mitted from A to .7 would be received uponthe relay LE which will actuate the transmitter T and repeat the signalon the line L to the relay LR of subscriber B, and at the same time thesubscriber B may transmit a message back to A through the centralrepeating-station, as the relay LR is sensitive to sig-' nals receivedfrom subscriber B only, and will actuate transmitter 'I", which willrepeat the signal to the receiving-relay LR of subscriber A withoutaffecting the relay LR as all of these receiving-relays are balancedaccording to any of the well-known systems of duplexing. In the eventthat the dynamos G are employed at the subscribers ends of the duplexlines it is necessary in order to effect the proper repeating of thesignals through the central stations that all of these dynamos run insynchronism.

The specific means for producing this synchronism, however, formsnoimmediate part of the present invention, and hence need not be furtherdescribed. The employment of duplexlines in this manner renders possiblethe transmission of messages over very long distances and at the sametime enables the employment of the least number of sources ofsignaling-current.

or dynamos. For example, subscriber-A may be located in New York and thecentral station in Chicago and subscriber B in Omaha, or these twosubscribers maybe two thousand miles apart. Moreover, by locating at thesubscribers stations proper multiplexing apparatus each of these duplexlines may be made octoplex.

In Fig. 5 is shown a case where a plurality of subscribers located atdifferent points may communicate over reflected-wave lines through thecentral repeating-station to a plurality of othersubscribers. This casecontemplates the communication of subscriber A with subscriber B andsubscriber O with subscriber D. In this case there is provided at thecentral station means for allowing the subscribers A and B the exclusiveuse of the central station for a fixed time and subscribers O and D theexclusive use of the central station for a corresponding period of time,these periods following each other in rapid LR and LR succession. Forthis purpose the lines from subscribers A and B entering the centralstation are connected to trailers q and q, respectively, ofacurrent-distributer Q, which is indicated in the diagram as made upoftwo circular disk members g and g each having four insulatedconducting-segments, the diametrically opposite segmentsnamely, theshaded segmentsot' eachof these disks being permanently electricallyconnected to the line Z traversing the .main '-1iue relay LR, while theblank segments are all electrically connected to a wire 1*, whichconnects to the wire Z at a point between the relay LR and the dynamo.The -clistributer Q is a duplicate of the distributor Q, its trailers orbrushes (1 or (1 being connected to the lines from the subscribers B andD, respectively. Therefore it will be seen that messages betweensubscribers A and B may pass at such times as the trailers q and garrive upon the shaded segments of the members while messages may passbetween subscribers C and D as the trailers q and g arriveupon theshaded segments of the members g, which are located in quadrantsdiametrically opposite to the shaded segments of the members 1 Thisarrangement is rendered necessary on account of the fact that the relaysLR or LR. would not bev affected by signals from the subscribers ifthelines branched directly from the lines Z for then breaking the circuitat any subscribers transmitter would only cut out a part of the currentpassing the coils of the central line-relay, which current would beoverbalanced by the current passing the relay-coils to theothersubscriberslines. Hence it is necessary to give the lino-receivingrelay at central to the subscriber from which it receives its messagesexclusively for the brief period that a particular signal is passing.The subscribers, however, receive. current from the central dynamo foraifecting the synchronism of their current-distributing apparatus,whether they are using the receivingrelay or not. For thispurpose theblank segments of the distributers Q and Qare connected to thedynamo-circuits. at points between the dynamo and the receiving-relaysThe subscribers A, B, O, and D are each provided with a single outfit,which comprises in addition tothe line-relay LR, transmitter T, andother parts a sending-sum flower S and a receiving-sun flower R,thetrailers of which are driven in synchronism-with the central dynamo G,and all rotate ata fixed speed relative to said dynamo. Each sunfloweris provided with a group of segments of preferably the same number ofsegments in each group and the segments of any sendingsunfiower occupythe same angular position as the segments of the receiving-sunflower ofthe subscriber to which the messages are transmitted from the saidsending-sunflower, and the. sunflowers of all the subscribers have theirsegments. so set that there will be no interference in the passage ofthe signals IIO from one subscriber to another. This setting of thesunflowers is diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5, where the shadedportions of the sunflowers S and R represent the por-.

tions of the sunflowersin which the segments are out. It will thereforebe seen thatinasmuch as a subscribers transmitter is active at suchtimes only as the sending-trailer is passing over the segments of thesending-sum' flower at that station,-and inasmuch as a subscribersreceiving-relay will record the signals at such times only as thetrailer of the receiving-sunflower atthat station is passing over itssegments,subscriberA may transmit to subscriber B messages while hissending-trailer is in the upper left-hand quadrant of the sunflower.Hence subscriber B will so set his receiving-sunflower that itssegments-will occupy the upper left-hand quadrant and in this mannerwill render the re-.

ceiving-relay of subscriber B active during the time that thetransmitter of subscriber A is active. Subscriber 13, however, so setshis sending-sunflower that its segments are one hundred and eightydegrees from the segments of his receiving-sunflower, so that themessages.transmitted by him will not in this case be received upon hishome-relay, but

will be received upon the relay of subscriber A, since thereceiving-segments of subscriber A are set to correspond in angularposition to those of subscriber 13.. In this manner subscriber A can besending messages to subscriber B, and subscriber Bsending messages tosubscriber A at the same time; but no two signals are upon the line atabsolutely the same moment, as in the case of a duplex line. SubscriberG then adjusts his sending-sun flower so that its segments will be inthe lower left-hand quadrant and his receiving-segments in the upperright-hand quadrant, and subscriber D adjusts his sunflowers so thattheir segments will correspond in angular position to those ofsubscriber O, as described with reference to subscribers A and B. Inthis way subscribers C and D may transmit toeach other messages at thesame time that subscribers A and B are transmitting to each other, inwhich case therewould be four messages passing through the centralstation at the same time. It, however, any subscriber wishes to recordhis message upon his home relay as he transmits it, this may be done byshifting the segments of his receiving-sunflower until they correspondin angular posi- 'nected to the said key.

such a speed that the said trailer will 'pass over one segment for eachimpulse of the linesignalingcurrent. The segment-circuits of thesending-sunflower pass through any suitable circuit making and breakingdevice, such as key H, to the negative pole of the source of localdirect current. Therefore when any ofthese segment-circuits arecompleted, as by the key H, the transmitter T will be energized as thesending-trailersweeps over the segments having their circuits completedby the said 'key and in this manner will suppress a combination ofline-current impulses corresponding to the segments con- The operator,however, can operate this key only at such times as theclapper-magnet itattracts its clapper h, which unlocks the key. The-time at which thisclapper-magnet may be energized is determined by the clapperdistributerH", which is provided with an insulated conducting-segment h The circuitthrough the clappermagnet is com pleted by the segment h shortcireuitingthe brushes 7L2. This segment, as shown in the diagram, is generally setin an angular position diametrically opposite to the sending-sunflowersegments, so that the operator sets his key as the brushes 7L2 makecontact with the segment h", and the signal is not actually transmitteduntil the sendingtrailer S arrives upon the segments connected to thekey. The action of the transmitter is improved and sparking of thetrailer 5 is diminished by inserting a resistance 9 and condenser 10.in' the transmitter circuit, as shown. The receiving-sunflower R ispreferably provided with the same number of segments as thesending-sunflower, which are cut of such a width and the trailer 1"driven at such a speed that said trailer will pass over each segment foreach impulse of the line-current. This trailer 7' is shown carried uponthe automatically-adj ustable arm TX, and r in a rotary contact-makeroperating in conjunction with said arm. The circuit con trolled by thiscontact-maker includes the tongue and contact of one of theselectingrelays and the coil of a magnet carried by the arm TX, and thefunction of the said contactmaker is to periodically close the circuitof the magnet above mentioned after the said selecting-relay has acted,and thus effect the automatic adjustment of the said trailer-arm. Thisautomatic trailer-setting device, however, forms no immediate part ofthe present invention and need not be further described. The trailer 0*is connected, as by wire 11, to a point intermediate between resistances12, connected across the terminals of the source of 'local current, andthe segmentcircuits of the sunflower are all connected by the commonreturn-wire 13 to the tongue Zr of the double-tongued line-relayLR. Thetongue-contacts of this relay are connected to two points of derivationof resistance. connected across the terminals of thelocal-direct-current supply. By this arrangement IIO as the trailer rpasses from one segment tov the next and coming to rest. will transmitthrough the segmentcircuit connected to the trailer at the time that thetongue comes to rest an impulse of opposite polarity to its normalimpulse, which may be made to operate apparatus of any character toproperly record the signals. In the diagram Fig. 2 is shown a bank ofselecting-relays SR for this purpose,which have their coils connected inthe segment-circuits of'the receiving-sunflower and operate incombinations depending upon the combination of line-current impulsesmodified for each particular character.

.These relays acting in this manner may record the intelligence in anydesired waysuch, for example, 'as by completing with their tongues localcircuits to printing-machines, which will print the messages in typographical characters as they arrive. trailers of each sunflower andall rotating parts at the substation, in fact, are driven eitherdirectly or indirectly by a synchronizer M, comprising a smalldirect-current motor having a series of coils traversed by analterternating current derived from a direct local current, or, ifdesired, by the line-current directly. A synchronizer of this characteris fully shown and described in the Patent No.

(522,636, granted to Henry A. Rowland April 4,1899, for improvements insystems of mul tiplex telegraphy. For this purpose the linerelayLR isprovided with a second tongue Zr, which is connected to one terminal ofthe alternating-current coils of the synchronizer, while the otherterminal of said coils is connected to a point between two condensers U,connected across two wires 14, which lead from the local-direct-currentsupply to the contacts of a line-relay tongue Zr. By this arrangementthe vibration of the relay-tongue Zr between its contact sends analternating current through the circuit 15 15, preferably of the sameperiod as the line-current, the said local current being produced by thecharging and discharging of the condensers U from the, source of localdirect current. This, however, only represents one of many ways ofproducing a local synchronizing-current from the line-current and may bereplaced by any other method which may be found satisfactory. Theapparatus indicated in Fig. 2 represents that of a single outfitoperating upon a simplex or reflected wave line. To apply the apparatusto a duplex line, all that would be necessary would be to balance theline-relay LR by an artificial line, as indicated in Fig. 4, and makethe ordinary duplex connections to the transmitter, also indicated inFig.4, or in any well-known way. In this case the segments upon thesending and receiving sunflowers would occupy corresponding angularpositions, asthe home receiving-relay would not The.

be sensitive to signals transmitted from the home transmitter. Also inthis case there would beno necessity of employing the synchronizer M,since ordinarily a small dynamo would be located at the subscribersstation for eifecting the duplexing, thouglnhowever, as; will behereinafter shown, it is not necessary in order to effect duplexing tolocate a dynamo at the subscribers station, since the same thingmay beaccomplished by substituting for the dynamo a relayed circuitinwhich,

thecurrent isderived from a sourceof'local direct current. Moreover, thetransmitter T simply represents the well-known form ofcirchit-breakingtransmitter and may be re-V placed .by any equivalent device'which willeffect the proper modification of the line-current, which, ashereinbefore stated, may consist either in suppressing a definite numberof lineimpulses, reducing these inintensity, or in reversing theirpolarity, or, in fact, in any way modifying the line-current impulses totransmit intelligence according to this-or any well-known system oftelegraphy.

In Fig. 6 is represented a duplex; line, at each end of which islocateda repeating or dynamo station connecting the duplex line at eachend to the reflected-wave line. This case contemplates the location ofcentraldyname-stations at two distant points X and Y, one, for example,in Chicago and the other in New York, and the transmission of: messagesthrough these stations from subscribers located within a radius of threehundred miles of each of these cities. A represents a subscribers outfitlocated, for example,

somewhere around Chicago-and communicatscriber would have segments outupon half of his sending-sunflower and upon the other halt of hisreceiving-sunflower, as-indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 6; Moreover,it desired, the lines leading from the central station to thesubscribersmay be duplex, in

which case each subscriber may be provided with multiplexingapparatus,-when all of the lines become octoplex. i i

In Fig. '7 is shown an extension of the case shown and described withreference to Fig. 6. In this case two subscribers A andC, for example,located at difiercnt points around the central station X in Chicago, maycommunicate over the duplex line through acentral station Y, located in,NewYork, for example,

with two subscribers B and D, located in 'the case illustrated within aradius of three hundred miles of-that city. The messagesfrom A and C aretransmitted to the central station X in exactly the same way asdescribed "angular positions.

with reference to the transmission of messages from subscribers A and 0through the central station X, (shown in Fig. 5,) and the same is truewith respect to subscribers B and D relative to the station Y. Moreover,asdescribed with reference as to Fig. 6 the lines leading from thecentral stations to the subscribers may, if desired, be duplexed andoctoplexed. I

In Fig. 8 is shown an extension of the case illustrated in Fig. 7. Inthis case four subscribers A, B, O, and D communicate over duplexedlines with four subscribers A, B, G, and D. Each of the centralrepeatingstations is provided with a current-distributing device Qacting on the same principle as those described and shown in Fig. 5,except in this case the device is provided with four disks or theirequivalents instead of two, as there are in this case four subscriberslines. In this way the receiving-relay LE is given exclusively tosubscriber A, as the current-distributing trailer connected with thatline passes over the shaded quadrant of the disk q and is givenexclusively to subscribers B, O, and D successively as the trailersconnected to those lines pass over the shaded segments of the members gq, and The blank portions of the segments are all connected to a point,as (1,in the line between the transmitter-T and relay LR. and enablesall of the subscribers to receive current from.

the dynamo continuously for regulating the substations only and not overthe main line,

while the relays LE are sensitive to signals which arrive over the mainline only. Likewise the main-line relay and transmitter at eachsubstation is provided with the usual duplex connections in this case,which necessitates the location at each substation of a small dynamo Gor other source of signaling-cu'rrent-such, for example, as atransformer working upon a relay-circuit, as hereinafter described. Thisduplexing enables each subscriber to set his receiving and transmittingsunflower segments in corresponding angular positions or in the caseillustrated in corresponding quadrants, and the subscribers whocommunicate with each other all have their sunflower-segments set incorresponding Thus in the case illustrated the segments of thesunflowers of subscriber A occupy the same angular position as those ofthe sunflowers of subscriber A, and those of subscriber B the sameangular position as those of subscriber-B, and so on through the series.In this way in a given time A and'A may send signals to each otherduring the first quarter of this time, B and neously between centralstations.

' number.

B may send signals to each other during the second quarter, 0 and Cduring the third quarter, and D and D during the fourth quarter.subscriber may send a signal to his corresponding subscriber, while atthe same time receiving a signal from him. In this way all of thesubscribers may be sending messages over the main line connecting thetwo central stations at the same time, in which event there would beeight messages traveling simulta- Therefore if we assume that thecentral station X on the left is located in Chicago and that the stationY is on the right in New York it will be seen that each subscriber inand around Chicago may have private communication with a correspondentin New York and all over a single line between those two cities.Moreover, as each subscriber may receive signals only at fixed intervalsdetermined by the currentdistributers perfect secrecy may be maintained,as one subscriber Would be prevented from receiving the signals intendedfor an- Then as the lines are all duplexed each other, owing to the factthat all of the sub- There may be six or eight of these subscribers ateach end of the line or, indeed, a greater In the case, for example,that eight subscribers are located at each end of the line the segmentson the subscribers sunflowers would occupy one-eighth of the sunflowerinstead of a quadrant of it, as shown in Fig. 8. In any event in thecase illustrated in Fig. 8 the dynamos G must run in synchronism witheach other and with the dynamos G, located at the substations, in thecase that such dynamos are employed at the substations, or in case thatthese dynamos are not employed at the substations with the synchronizingmechanism which operates the substation -sunflowers.

In Fig. 9 is shown the case of four subscribers A, B, O, and Dcommunicating with four subscribers A, B, O, and D throughrepeating-stations X and Y located at'each end of a duplex main line,but in which each subscriber communicates with its corresponding centralstation over a reflected-wave line having its separate receiving-relaylocated at central. In this case the central repeatingstation isprovided with a main-line relay LE transmitter T, and dynamo G, providedwith the usual duplex connections in the same manner as shown in thepreceding duplex central stations; but in this case the transmitter T isreplaced by two transmitters T and T and the receiving-relay LR by fourreceiving-relays LR to LR, each of these relays being located upon aseparate reflected-wave line leading to its corresponding subscriber. Bythis arrangement of the central-station connections and apparatus all ofthe subscribers may be sending and receiving messages simultaneously toand from their corresponding subscribers without duplexing thesubscribers lines leading to the central stations, and therefore withoutemploying at each subscribers station the usual duplex apparatus, whichnecessitates the employment of a source of signaling-current by eachsubscriber in addition to the source of such current located at thecentral stations. Messages transmitted from subscriberA pass ing to thecentral stationwill be first received upon the line-relay LE and thisrelay will then cause the transmitter T to repeat the signal upon themain line, which, however, will notaffect the relay LE as this relay isdifferentially wound and balanced for signals from the distant end ofthe main line only. The signal repeated on the line by the transmitter Twill then be received at the other central station upon the relay LE atthat station, and this relay will cause the transmitter T at thatstation to repeat the signal to the subscriber A. This signal will alsobe received by relay LE at the central station connected to the line ofsubscriber A; but this will produce no efiect, as will be hereinaftermore fully described.

The connections and apparatus of the central station for repeating themessages as described with reference to Fig. 9 are showndiagrammatically in Fig. 12. The operation of transmitting a givensignal through this station is as follows: Let it be assumed thatthe'signal is transmitted from subscriber A and that the particularsignal is the letter K, and that this letter is produced by thesuppression of the ninth and eleventh line-current impulses in a groupof eleven, as graphically represented in Fig. 12 The first to the eighthimpulses will vibrate the tongue of the line-relay LR between itscontacts alternately as each impulse passes its coils; but, as will belater shown, this will produce no effect upon the local repeatingapparatus; but as the ninthimpulseis missing the tongue of the relay LRwill remain against the contact to which it was last attracted-namely,to the contact connected to the positive pole of a source ofconstant-potential current.

This current will then flow from the said plus-pole through the contactof the relay LE against which the tongue of the relay is resting,through wire 16, connected to the said relay-tongue, and then into theupper left-hand segment of the four-segment sunflower R through thetrailer r into trailer 7* of the sunflower R having in this case fourgroups of cross-connected segments corresponding in angular position tothe segments of the sunflower R Both of these sunflowers are so adjustedthat their upper left-hand segments correspond in angular position tothose upon the sending-sunflower of subscriber A. The trailers r and ralso occopy a fixed angular position to the trailers ofthesending-sunflower of subscriber A, and

all rotate in synchronism with the dynamo G and may be driven in anyconvenient way.

The current will then pass from the trailer 1' through the ninthsegment, over which it is passing, into wire 17, and thence by this'wirethrough the coils of one of the selecting-relays SR and then byacommonreturn-wire 18 back to a point 19 intermediate between resistances 20,connected across the terminals of the local-direct-current supply. Thecircuit being thus completed through thecoils of the selecting-relay,the tongue of this relay will be sent against its forward stopcon- 8nected to the wire 21. This wire 21 connects to the ninth segment of thesunflower S corresponding in angular position to the ninth segmentof thesunflowerR. When thetrailer s arrives upon the ninth segment of theupper left-hand group, (the segments of the sunflower S corresponding tothose of the sunflower Rfl) current will flow from the positive pole ofthe source of local direct current into a wire 23, and thence throughthe coils of the transmitter T,trailer s ,the sunflower S then back tothe negative pole of the current-supply. Thetransmitter T will thenbreak the line-circuit for the length of time that animpulse would taketo pass its contact, which corresponds to the time consumed by thetrailers s and r in passing over one segment. The transmitter T willtherefore suppress an impulse upon the main line corresponding to theninth impulse, which was suppressedby the subscriber A, and in thismanner will repeat thesignal. In like manner the tongue of theline-relay LE will come to rest at. the time the eleventh impulse issuppressed and will complete a circuit through the selecting- I I0 relaySR having its coils connectedto the eleventh segment of the upperleft-hand group of the sunflower R which will complete the circuitthrough the coils of the mainline transmitter T as described above as 11soon as the trailer s arrives upon the eleventh segment of its upperleft-hand group. If this same signal has been sent by all of the othersubscribers-that is, by B, O, and

D-it would be received upon the relays LB, :20

LE and LR, respectively, and transmitted through the repeatingstation,just as de scribed. The tongues of these relays LR -to LR are, however,connected each to a corresponding segment of the sunflower R so that 125 the signals will follow each other through the station as the trailerr passes fromone segment to the next.

nal or character represented by a combination of suppressed orotherwise-modified line impulses may be transmitted through this centralstation, in which case, obviously,other selecting-relays SR would beadded and connected to corresponding segments of the sun Moreover, anyother sigflowers S and R The selecting-relay on the right of the groupSR may be used exclusively for producing signals upon a bell W or othersignaling device by shifting the switch 24E to the contact 25. Then thesignal received by this relay instead of being transmitted on over themain line will stop at the central station and ring the bell W, whichmay be used to convey any desired information from the subscribers A, B,O, and D to central. Let it next be required to repeat a signal arrivingover the main line and received by the relay LE upon any of the linesleading to subscribers A to D. It will be assumed for the purpose ofexplaining this operation that the signal arriving is such as isgraphically represented by Fig. 12, which we will assume is the letterY, and that this letter is intended for subscriber A. As the firstimpulse of the group is suppressed the tongue of the relay LR willremain against the contact to which it was attracted by the impulse justpreceding the suppressed one, which in this case will be seen to havebeen a positive impulse. Current will then flow from the positive poleof the source of local direct current through the tongue of the relay LRinto wire 26 and thence into the four-plug switch 27, in which all ofthe plugsare supposed to be inserted, and connect the four sections ofthis switch to the four segments of the sunflower R At the time thissignal is received the trailer T will have arrived upon the lowerright-hand qu ad- .rant of the sunflower R since this quadrantcorresponds in angular position to the quadrant of the receivingsunflower-segments of subscriber A. As the trailer 1' arrives upon thisquadrant of the sunflower R current will then pass through it to trailer0", to which it is electrically connected, and thence through the firstsegment of the lower right-hand group of segments of the sunflower R andthence by wire 28 to the coils of a selectingrelay of the group SR andthence by the common return-wire 29 back to the negative pole of thelocal-current supply. The current thus traversing the coils of thisselecting-relay will send its tongue against its forward contactconnected to wire 30 into the first segment of the lower right-handgroup of the sending-sunflower S As the trailer .9 arrives upon thissegment current will flow from the plus pole of the local current supplyinto wire 32, then through the coils of the transmitter '1 into trailersS, through the first segment of the lower righthand group of sunflower Sand thence by wire 30 through the tongue and contact of theselecting-relay SR acted upon back to the negative pole of thelocal-current supply by wire 23, causing the transmitter T to suppressan impulse upon the line 33 corresponding to the first impulse of thegroup received upon the relay LE and as this line passes on throughrelay LE to subscriber A the signal will thus be repeated to him. Inlike manner nals as they pass to central at will.

the transmitter T will suppress an impulse again on the line 33 as therelay LE is brought to rest by the next suppressed impulse, which,according to the diagram Fig. 12", is the third of the group, and inthis case the selecting-relay of the group SR which acts to repeat thesignal, will be one having its coils connected to the wire 34, whichleads to the third segment of the group of segments of the sunflower Rcorresponding to the group of impulses representing this character. Totransmit other signals to subscriber A, other selecting-relays would beadded and have their coils connected to other segments of the sunflowerR and their contacts to other segments of the sunflowers S and S It willthus be seen that the subscriber to which any message may pass throughthe central station, Fig. 12, from over the main line is determined bywhich of the quadrants of the sunflowers R R 8, and S their trailers areupon at the time the signal arrives. Therefore, as thereceiving-segments of subscriber A are located in the lower right-handquadrant of his sunflower, messages may pass through central to thissubscriber at such times only as the trailers of the sunflowers R, R andS are upon the lower right-hand quadrant of these sunflowers andlikewise as the segments of the receiving-sunflower of subscriber D arein the lower left-hand quadrant messages may pass through central tothis subscriber at such times only as the trailers of the sunflowers R",R and S arrive upon the lower left-hand quadrants of these sunflowers.The transmitter T however, repeats only such signals as are intended forsubscribers A and B, while the signals intended for subscribers Oand Dare repeated on their lines by a second main-line transmitter T. Forthis reason the sunflower S having its trailer connected to thetransmitter T is provided with only two groups of segments correspondingin angular position to the receiving-segments of subscribers A andB,while the sunflower SZhavingits trailer connected to the coil of thetransmitter T is provided with two groups of segments corresponding inangular position to the receiving-segments of subscribers O and D. Thesegments of the sunflowers S and S are crossconnected, and thesesegments are connected to their respective selecting-relays SR.

In order to test the accuracy of the signals passing through central, aprinter P may be connected to the wires which are connected to theforward tongue-contacts of the selecting-relays. This printer or otherrecorder may be provided with a double pole-switch p, and in this waymay be thrown into or out of the relay-circuit and made to record thesig- If it is desired to record the message arriving from subscribers A,B, O, and D, the printer P would be connected to the forward contacts ofthe relays SR in the same way that it is shown connected to the relaysSR any suit- IIO able switch being provided for connecting ordisconnecting the printer to or from the selecting-relay.

If the switch 35 is shifted to contact 36, the signals received upon theselecting-relay on the left of the group SR maybe made to ring asignal-bell NV and convey any desired information from the subscribersat the distant end of the main line to the central operator. Thisselecting-relay will act exactly in the same manner as the rest of therelays in repeating a modified impulse from one line to the other, inwhich case the tongue would be sent against the forward contactconnected to the wire 37. Current would then flow from the positive poleof the local-current supply through the coil of the bell W back to thenegative pole of the direct-current supply if the switch 35 is thrownover upon the contact 36. In the diagram this signal-selecting relay isshown with its coils connected to the twelfth segment of each of thegroup of segments of the sunflower B, so that the bell WV may be rung bysubscribers A, B, O, and D as the trailer 9' passes over the first,second, third, and fourth quadrants, respectively. Then by shifting theswitch on to contact 39 and inserting plugs in the proper sockets of theswitch 40 the central operator may transmit signals to subscriber A B OD and operate the signal-bells of these subscribers in the same mannerthat the signalbell at central is operated. there is provided at centrala push-button, key, or equivalent device 41, one terminal of which isconnected to a switch leading to the negative pole of the local-currentsupply and the other terminalto the wire 38. required to send a signalby this push-button to any of the subscribers subscriber B, forexample--the central operator would insert a plug in socket 42 of theplug-switch 40, which would connect the twelfth segment of the upperright-hand group of the sunflower S to the wire leading from the switch40 to the switch Then by pressing the pushbutton or key 41 current wouldflow in a circuit which may be as follows: from the negative pole of thelocal current-supply through the key into wire 38, into a switch 35,plugswitch 40, wire 43, into the sunflower S and theninto the trailer 8which will be at that moment resting upon the segment to which the wire43 is connected, and from this trailer through the coils of thetransmitter T to the positive pole of the local-current supply. Thiswill cause the transmitter T to suppress a line-current impulse at sucha moment as the segment of the receivingsunflower of subscriber B,connected to suitable receiving apparatus, passes beneath its trailer,which will record the signal thus transmitted. By inserting plugs inother sockets of the switch 40 signals may in this manner be sent to theother subscribers. In order, however, for any signal to pass through thecentral station and be received by any For this purpose Let it be one ofthe subscribers, it is essential that all of these subscribers havetheir trailers and the segments of their sunflowers occupy fixed angularpositions relative to the sunflowers R R S, and S and their trailers.This is done preferably by providing each subscriber with a device forautomatically adjusting the angular position of his receiving-traileruntil it is brought into the proper position relative to that of-thesending-trailer from which it receives messages. For the purpose ofoperating this automatic trailer-setting device at each of thesubstations one of the segments in each group of the sunflowers S and Sthe thirteenth segment, for exam pleis normally permanently connected,as by wire 43, to the positive pole of the local current supply. Thiswill cause the transmitters T and 'I to suppress a line-current impulsepassing to one of the subscribers-A to D,for exampleonce in eachrevolution of the receiving-trailers of all of the subscribers,and thusoperate the automatic trailer-setting mechanism, as

described in' said patent application. It is also essential that thetrailer r and the segments of the receiving-sunflowers R occupy the sameangular positions as the sendingsunflower at the central station 00corresponding to the sending-sunflower S of the station shown in Fig.12. For this purpose the transmitter T at station X suppresses orotherwise modifies one or more impulses of the line-current at fixedintervals corresponding to the arrival of the trailer r -upon apreselected segment or segments of the sunflower R". Therefore if thetimes ofsuppression of the line-current by the transmitter T coincidewith the time of the arrival of the trailer r upon the said segment orsegments the trailer T will be properly set, and this may be indicatedby a relay 8?, connected to the said preselected segments-that is, whenthe trailer is properly set this relay may receive the signal sent bythe transmitter T at fixed intervals; but if the trailer is not properlyset the signal cannot, therefore, be received upon the relay. This relayis so wound that the reception of a signal sends its tongue against itsforward contact, where it will remain until it fails to receive thesesignals at the intervals stated, when its tongue will be sent againstits back-stop. When the tongue ofthis selectingrelay is sent overagainst its back-stop, it may be made either to sound a signal, and thusindicate the improper setting of the trailer r relative to itssunflower-segments, or this tongue may be made to complete a circuitfrom the negative pole of the local-current supply through the wire 44to a magnet N and effect the automatic setting of the trailer.

For this purpose thetrailer 7' is preferably in practice mounted uponadisk a, (see 'Fig. 10,) which is provided with a seriesof aper tures nnear its periphery. This diskiis mounted fast upon .a shaft 0, one endof which is reduced, as at 0, andturns in one;

end of the shaft 0. Mounted fast upon this IIO shaft 0 is a gear-wheelZ, which carries the magnet N. This magnet'is provided with a plunger07., which is adapted to engage the apertures n of the disk n and isheld normally in engagement with the said apertures by the spring 02This gear Z meshes with a pinion Z, driven by the source of local power.One terminal of the coil of the magnet N passes to a contact-pin ncarried by and insulated from the gear-wheel Z. Located in the path ofthis pin is a spring 91, carried by an arm n, which is connected to thewire 44, leading to the back-stop contact of the relay sr It willtherefore be seen that as long as the tongue of this relay remainsagainst its forward contact,which it will do so long as the trailer r isproperly set, the plunger of the magnet N will engage one of theapertures of the disk n and thus form the driving connections from thegear-wheel Z to drive the trailer. When, however, the tongue of thisrelay 874 is sent against its back-stop, it partially completes thecircuit through the coils of the magnet N, which will be entirelycompleted by the pin a coming in contact with the spring 71 once inevery revolution of the gear Z, so that once in each revolution of thisgear-wheel if the trailer 1 its plunger from the disk and allow thetrailer to drop back. Thus the said trailer will continue to drop backstep by step until it arrives at the proper point on the sunflower, whenthe tongue of the relay 31 will pass over to its forward stop, and thusbreak the electrical connection from the source of local direct current.This operation will be repeated at each time that the trailer 1" getsout of the proper adjustment.

' Fig. 10 represents the central-station sunflowers and trailers as theyappear in practice, where it will be seen that each of these sunflowersis mounted upon a separate sleeve 0 carried loosely upon the shaft 0 andheld in the proper angular position by-the arms 0 which are held inengagement with suitable supports 0 by suitable clamping-screws 0 Thesetrailers are mounted upon arms 0 keyed on the shaft 0, as shown.

The specific form of signals herein described for the purpose ofillustrating the principle of the invention only represents one ofseveral ways of signaling or telegraphing which may be used with thepresent invention, as it is proposed to adapt this invention to any ofthe well-known systems of telegraphic signals. Moreover, any desiredsystem of signaling may be employed between the central operator and thesubscriber.

Having thus described the said invention,

what is claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

1. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, via, a source of electricity from which said lines receivecurrent, main-line transmitting and receiving instruments, localtransmitting and receiving current-distributers operating in conjunctionwith said mainline instruments, andlocal circuit making and breakingdevices operated by the receiving instruments of one line andautomatically operating the transmittinginstruments of ansignals throughsaid station.

3. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, viz., a source of electricity from which said lines receivecurrent, main-line transmitting and receivinginstruments localtransmitting and receiving current-distributers operating in conjunctionwith said mainline instruments, local relays located in thesegment-circuits of said current-distributers, said relays beingoperated by the main-line receiving instruments and adapted toautomatically operate the transmitting instruments and thus to repeatthe signal through said station.

' 4. The combination with two or more tele graph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, viz., a source of periodically-varying electromotive forcefrom which said lines receive current, main-line transmitting andreceiving instruments, local transmitting and receivingcurrent-distributers operating in conjunction with said main-lineinstruments, local circuit making and'breaking devices located in thesegment-circuits of said current-distributers, said devices beingoperated by the main-line receiving instruments and adapted toautomatically operate the main-line transmitting instruments and thus torepeat the signals through said station.

5. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements,viz. an alternating-current dynamo from which said linesreceive current, main line transmitting and receivinginstruments,

local transmitting and receiving current-distributers operating inconjunction with said main-line instruments, local circuit making andbreaking devices located in the segmentcircuits of saidcurrent-distributers, said devices being operated by themain-linereceiving instruments and adapted to automatically operate themain-line transmitting instruments and thus to repeat the signalsthrough said station.

6. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, via, a source of electricity from which said lines receivecurrent, main-line transmitting and receiving instruments,synchronously-operated local transmitting and receivingcurrent-distributers operating in conjunction with said main-lineinstruments, local circuit making and breaking devices located in thesegment-circuits of said current-distributers, said devices beingoperated by the main-linei receiving instruments and adapted toautomatically operate the mainline transmitting instruments and thus torepeat the signals through said station.

7. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, VlZ., a source of electricity from which said lines receivecurrent, main-line transmitting instruments and main-line balancedreceiving-relays,local transmitting and receiving current-distributersoperating in conjunction with said main-line instruments, local circuitmaking and breaking devices lo cated in the segment-circuits of saidcurrentdistributers, said devices being operated by said mainlinereceiving instruments and adapted to automatically operate the mainlinetransmitting instruments and thus to repeat the signals through saidstation.

8. The combination with twoor more duplex telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, via, a source of electricity from which said lines receivecurrent, mainline transmitting instruments and main-line balancedreceiving-relays, local transmitting and receiving current-distributersoperated in conjunction with said main-line instruments, local circuitmaking and breaking devices located in the segment-circuits of saidcurrent-distributers, said devices .being operated by said main-linereceiving instruments and adapted to automatically operate the main-linetransmitting instruments and thus to repeat the signal through the saidstation. a

9. Thecombination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, viz., a source of electricity from which said lines receivecurrent, main-line transmitting and receiving instruments, localtransmitting and receiving current-distributors operating in conjunctionwith said mainline instruments, local selecting-relays having theircoils connected in the segment-cir- ,cuits of-said receivingcurrent-distributors and their contacts connected in the segmentcircuitsof said transmitting current-distributers, said relays being operated bythe receiving main-line instruments and adapted to antomatically operatethe main-line transmitting instruments and thus to repeat the signalsthrough said station.

10. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located tomatically operate the main-line transmittinginstruments and thusto repeat the signals through said station.

11. The combination with two or more telegraph-lines, of arepeating-station located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements, viz., a source of periodically-varying electric current fromwhich said lines receive current, main-line transmitters adapted tosuppress a definite number of line-current impulses for each signal,main-line receivingrelays, local transmitting and receivingourrent-distributers operatingin conjunction with said main-linetransmitters and relays,-

local circuit making and breaking devices located in thesegment-circuits of said currentdistributers, said devices beingoperated by the receiving main-line relays and adapted to automaticallyoperate the main-line transmitters and thus to repeat the signalsthrough said station.

12. The combination with two or more telegraphlines, of a repeatingstation located upon said lines and comprising the followingelements,viz. an alternating-currentdynamo from whichsaid lines receivecurrent, mainline transmitters adapted to suppress a defi nite number ofimpulses of the line current for each signal, main-line relaysadapted-t0 receive signals arriving at saidstation, local transmittingand receiving current-distributers operating in conjunction with saidmainline instruments, local selecting-relays having their coilsconnected in the segment-circuits of the receiving current-distributorsand their contacts connected in the segmentcircuits of thetransmittingcurrent-distributers, said relays being operated by the reception ofsignals upon the main-line relaysand adapted to automatically actuatethe main- .line transmitters and thus to repeat the said signals throughthe station.

